Iindidi zedayi kwiimpahla ezilukiweyo kunzima ukuzichonga ngeso lenyama kwaye kufuneka zichongwe ngokuchanekileyo ngeendlela zeekhemikhali.Indlela yethu yangoku ngokubanzi kukuxhomekeka kwiintlobo zedayi ezibonelelwa ngumzi-mveliso okanye umfaki-sicelo wokuhlola, kunye namava abahloli kunye nokuqonda kwabo kwimveliso yemveliso.ukugweba.Ukuba asikwazi ukuchonga uhlobo lwedayi kwangaphambili, kunokwenzeka ukuba iimveliso ezingafanelekanga ziya kugwetywa njengemveliso efanelekayo, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba nokungonakali okukhulu.Kukho iindlela ezininzi zeekhemikhali zokuchonga idayi, kwaye iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zinzima, zichitha ixesha kunye nomsebenzi onzima.Ke ngoko, eli nqaku lazisa indlela elula yokuchonga iintlobo zedayi kwimicu ye-cellulose kwiilaphu eziprintiweyo nezidayiwe.
umgaqo
Misela imigaqo yeendlela ezilula zokuchonga
Ngokomgaqo wokudaya wedayi kwilaphu, iintlobo zedayi eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzayo kwizithako zelaphu elilukiweyo eziqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:
Idayi ye-acrylic fiber-cationic
Inayiloni kunye neprotein fibers-idayi ze-asidi
Ipolyester kunye nezinye iintsinga zeekhemikhali-zisasaza idayi
I-Cellulosic fibers - ngokuthe ngqo, i-vulcanized, i-reactive, i-vat, i-naftol, i-coatings kunye nedayi ye-phthalocyanine
Kwimpahla edibeneyo okanye edibeneyo, iintlobo zedayi zisetyenziselwa ngokwezinto zazo.Ngokomzekelo, i-polyester kunye ne-cotton blends, i-polyester component yenziwe nge-disperse dyes, ngelixa i-cotton component yenziwe ngeentlobo zedayi ezihambelanayo ezikhankanywe ngasentla, ezifana ne-disperse / cotton blends.Umsebenzi, ukusasazwa/inkqubo yokunciphisa, njl.njl. Kubandakanywa amalaphu kunye nempahla yezixhobo ezifana neentambo kunye neewebhu.
Indlela
1. Isampuli kunye nokulungiswa kwangaphambili
Amanyathelo aphambili ekuchongeni uhlobo lwedayi kwiifiber ze-cellulose yisampuli kunye nonyango lwangaphambili.Xa uthatha isampuli, iinxalenye zedayi efanayo kufuneka zithathwe.Ukuba isampuli iqulethe iithoni ezininzi, umbala ngamnye kufuneka uthathwe.Ukuba ukuchongwa kwefiber kuyadingeka, uhlobo lwefiber kufuneka luqinisekiswe ngokwemigangatho yeFZ / TO1057.Ukuba kukho ukungcola, igrisi, kunye ne-slurry kwisampuli eya kuchaphazela uvavanyo, kufuneka luphathwe nge-detergent emanzini ashushu kwi-60-70 ° C imizuzu eyi-15, ihlanjwe kwaye yomiswe.Ukuba isampuli yaziwa ukuba i-resin-igqityiwe, sebenzisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo.
1) Phatha i-uric acid resin nge-1% ye-hydrochloric acid kwi-70-80 ° C imizuzu eyi-15, hlamba kwaye uyomise.
2) Kwi-resin ye-acrylic, isampuli inokuphinda ihlaziywe ngamaxesha angama-50-100 kwiiyure ezingama-2-3, emva koko ihlanjwe kwaye yomiswe.
3) I-resin ye-silicone inokunyangwa nge-5g / L yesepha kunye ne-5g / L ye-sodium carbonate 90cI imizuzu eyi-15, ihlanjwe kwaye yomiswe.
2. Indlela yokuchonga yeedayi ezithe ngqo
Bilisa isampuli nge-5 ukuya kwi-10 mL yesisombululo esinamanzi esine-1 mL yamanzi e-ammonia agxininisiweyo ukukhupha idayi ngokupheleleyo.
Thatha isampuli ekhutshiweyo, ubeke i-10-30mg yelaphu elimhlophe lomqhaphu kunye ne-5-50mg ye-sodium chloride kwisisombululo sokukhupha, ubilise i-40-80s, ushiye ukupholisa uze uhlambe ngamanzi.Ukuba ilaphu elimhlophe lomqhaphu lidaywe laphantse lafana nesampulu, kunokugqitywa ukuba idayi esetyenziselwa ukudaya isampuli yidayi ethe ngqo.
3. Indlela yokuchonga idayi zesulfure
Beka isampuli ye-100-300mg kwityhubhu yovavanyo ye-35mL, yongeza i-2-3mL yamanzi, i-1-2mL i-10% isisombululo se-sodium carbonate kunye ne-200-400mg ye-sodium sulfide, ukushisa kunye nokubilisa imizuzu eyi-1-2, khupha i-25-50mg ye-cotton cloth emhlophe kwaye I-10-20mg isampuli ye-sodium chloride kwi-tube yokuvavanya.Bilisa imizuzu eyi-1-2.Yikhuphe kwaye uyibeke kwiphepha lokuhluza ukuyivumela ukuba iphinde i-oxidize.Ukuba ukukhanya kombala okubangelwayo kufana nombala wokuqala kwaye kuyahluka kuphela emthunzini, kunokuqwalaselwa njengedayi ye-sulfide okanye i-sulfide vat.
4. Zichongwa njani iidayi zevat
Beka isampuli ye-100-300mg kwi-35mL yokuhlola ityhubhu, yongeza i-2-3mL yamanzi kunye ne-0.5-1mL 10% isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide, ubushushu kunye nokubilisa, uze udibanise i-10-20mg ye-inshurensi yomgubo, ubilise i-0.5-1min, ukhuphe isampuli kwaye ubeke ibe yi-25-10% yesisombululo sesodium hydroxide.I-50mg ingubo emhlophe yekotoni kunye ne-0-20mg ye-sodium chloride, qhubeka ubilisa i-40-80s, uze upholile kwiqondo lokushisa.Khupha ilaphu lomqhaphu kwaye ulibeke kwiphepha lokuhluza i-oxidation.Ukuba umbala emva kwe-oxidation ufana nombala wokuqala, kubonisa ubukho bedayi ye-vat.
5. Indlela yokuchonga idayi yeNaftol
Ubilise isampuli ngamaxesha angama-100 inani le-1% yesisombululo se-hydrochloric acid imizuzu emi-3.Emva kokuba ihlanjwe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi, yibilise nge-5-10 mL ye-1% yamanzi ammonia imizuzu emi-2.Ukuba idayi ayikwazi ukukhutshwa okanye isixa sokukhutshwa sincinci kakhulu, ke yiphathe nge-sodium hydroxide kunye ne-dithionite ye-sodium.Emva kokuguqulwa kombala okanye ukuguqulwa kombala, umbala wokuqala awukwazi ukubuyiselwa nokuba i-oxidized emoyeni, kwaye ubukho besinyithi abunakuqinisekiswa.Ngeli xesha, ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo ze-2 zingenziwa.Ukuba idayi inokukhutshwa kwi-1) yokuvavanya, kunye no-2) Kuvavanyo, ukuba ilaphu elimhlophe lekotoni lidaywe tyheli kwaye likhupha ukukhanya kwe-fluorescent, kunokugqitywa ukuba idayi esetyenziswe kwisampuli yidayi yeNaftol.
I-1) Beka isampuli kwi-tube yokuvavanya, yongeza i-5mL ye-pyridine kwaye ubilise ukujonga ukuba idayi ikhutshwe.
I-2) Beka isampuli kwi-tube yokuvavanya, yongeza i-2 mL ye-10% isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide kunye ne-5 mL ye-ethanol, yongeza i-5 mL yamanzi kunye ne-sodium dithionite emva kokubilisa, kwaye ubilise ukunciphisa.Emva kokupholisa, hluza, faka ilaphu lomqhaphu elimhlophe kunye ne-20-30 mg ye-sodium chloride kwi-filtrate, ubilise imizuzu eyi-1-2, uyeke ukuze uphole, ukhuphe ilaphu lomqhaphu, kwaye ujonge ukuba ilaphu lomqhaphu liyantywila xa likhanyiselwe kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
6. Indlela yokuchonga idayi ezisebenzayo
Uphawu lweedayi ezisebenzayo kukuba zinezibophelelo zeekhemikhali ezizinzile kunye nemicu kwaye kunzima ukunyibilika emanzini kunye ne-solvents.Okwangoku, akukho ndlela yokuvavanya ngokukodwa.Uvavanyo lombala lunokwenziwa kuqala, usebenzisa i-1: 1 isisombululo se-aqueous se-dimethylmethylamine kunye ne-100% ye-dimethylformamide ukufaka umbala kwisampuli.Idayi engenambala yidayi esebenzayo.Kwiimpahla zempahla ezifana neebhanti zomqhaphu, iidayi ezisebenza ngokusingqongileyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
7. Indlela yokuchonga ipeyinti
Ii-coatings, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-pigments, azinabudlelwane bemicu kwaye zifuna ukulungiswa kwimicu ngokuncamathelisa (ngokuqhelekileyo i-resin adhesive).I-Microscopy ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa.Okokuqala susa nayiphi na isitashi okanye i-resin yokugqiba i-agent enokuthi ibe khona kwisampuli ukuthintela ukuphazamisa ukuchongwa kwedayi.Yongeza i-1 drop of ethyl salicylate kwifiber ephathwayo ngasentla, yigqume ngesiliphu sekhava kwaye uyiqwalasele phantsi kwe-microscope.Ukuba i-fiber surface ibonakala i-granular, inokuchongwa njenge-pigment edibeneyo ye-resin (ipeyinti).
8. Indlela yokuchonga idayi yephthalocyanine
Xa i-nitric acid egxininisiweyo ichithwa kwisampuli, idayi eluhlaza eqaqambileyo yi-phthalocyanine.Ukongeza, ukuba isampulu itshiswe kwidangatye kwaye ijika ibe luhlaza ngokucacileyo, inobungqina bokuba yidayi ye-phthalocyanine.
ukuququmbela
Le ndlela yokuchonga ekhawulezayo engentla yeyokuchonga okukhawulezayo kweentlobo zedayi kwiintsinga zeselulosi.Ngala manyathelo okuchonga angentla:
Okokuqala, inokuphepha ubumfama obubangelwa nje ukuthembela kuhlobo lwedayi enikelwa ngumfaki-sicelo ize iqinisekise ukuchaneka kwesigwebo sohlolo;
Okwesibini, ngale ndlela ilula yokuqinisekisa okujoliswe kuko, iinkqubo ezininzi zovavanyo olungeyomfuneko zinokuncitshiswa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-29-2023