Izinto zenayiloniisetyenziswa kakhulu, iikawusi ezincinci ukuya kwinayiloni, ezinkulu ukuya kwinxalenye ye-injini yemoto, njl.njl., igubungele yonke imiba yobomi bethu.Imimandla eyahlukeneyo yesicelo, iimfuno zezinto eziphathekayo ze-nylon nazo zihluke, ezifana nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuxhatshazwa kokugqoka kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwempembelelo, ukuxhathisa i-agent agent, ukungafihli kunye nokuqina.
Inayiloni eqhelekileyo, ibhekisa kwi-PA6, PA66 iintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo.Inayiloni eqhelekileyo ekuphuculweni, ukubuyiswa komlilo kunye nolunye uhlengahlengiso luseneziphene ezinkulu, ezifana ne-hydrophilicity eyomeleleyo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukungafihli kakuhle njalo njalo, ukunciphisa usetyenziso olungakumbi.
Ke ngoko, ukuze kuphuculwe iintsilelo kunye nokwandisa iimpawu ezintsha, ngokubanzi ngokuzisa iimonomers ezintsha zokwenziwa, sinokufumana uthotho lwenayiloni ekhethekileyo eneempawu ezahlukeneyo ezinokuhlangabezana nezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, ikakhulu zahlulweinayiloni yobushushu obuphezulu, inayiloni yekhabhoni ende, inayiloni ebonakalayo, izinto ezisekelwe kwi-bio-based inayiloni kunye ne-elastomer ye-nylon njalo njalo.
Emva koko, makhe sithethe ngeendidi zenylon ekhethekileyo, iimpawu zabo kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Ukuhlelwa kunye nemizekelo yesicelo yeinayiloni ekhethekileyo
1. Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu -- inayiloni yobushushu obuphezulu
Okokuqala, inayiloni yobushushu obuphezulu ibhekisa kwizinto zenayiloni ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwindawo engaphezulu kwe-150 ° C ixesha elide.
Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu benayiloni yobushushu obuphezulu bufunyanwa ngokubanzi ngokuzisa iimonomers ezinevumba elimnandi.Umzekelo, inayiloni enuka kamnandi, eyona iqhelekileyo yi-DuPont's Kevlar, elungiswa ngokusabela kwe-p-benzoyl chloride ene-p-phenylenediamine okanye i-p-amino-benzoic acid, ekubhekiselwa kuyo njengePPTA, inokugcina amandla amahle kuma-280 °. C ye-200h.
Nangona kunjalo, yonke i-aromatics ephezuluinayiloni yobushushuAkulunganga ukusetyenzwa kwaye kunzima ukufezekisa ukubumba inaliti, ngoko ke i-semi-aromanti enayiloni yobushushu obuphezulu edityaniswe ne-aliphatic kunye nevumba elimnandi iyathandwa kakhulu.Okwangoku, uninzi lweentlobo zenayiloni ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ezinje ngePA4T, PA6T, PA9T, PA10T, njl., ziyinayiloni enevumba elimnandi lobushushu obuphezulu eyenziwe nge-polymerized kwi-straight chain aliphatic diamine kunye ne-terephthalic acid.
Inayiloni yobushushu obuphezulu isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zemoto, iindawo zoomatshini kunye neenxalenye zombane/ze-elektroniki.
2. Ukuqina okuphezulu - inayiloni yekhabhoni ende
Okwesibini yinayiloni ende yekhabhoni, ebhekisa ngokubanzi kwizinto zenayiloni ezine-methylenes ezingaphezu kwe-10 kwikhonkco lemolekyuli.
Kwelinye icala, inayiloni ende yekhabhoni inamaqela e-methylene, ngoko inokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuthamba.Kwelinye icala, ukuncitshiswa koxinaniso lwamaqela e-amide kwikhonkco lemolekyuli kunciphisa kakhulu i-hydrophilicity kwaye kuphucula ukuzinza kwayo, kwaye iintlobo zayo ziyi-PA11, PA12, PA610, PA1010, PA1212 njalo njalo.
Njengoluhlu olubalulekileyo lweeplastiki zobunjineli, inayiloni ende yekhabhoni inezibonelelo zokufunxa amanzi aphantsi, ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ubungakanani obuzinzileyo, ukuqina okuhle, ukufunxwa okuxhathisa ukunxiba, njl., kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto, kunxibelelwano, koomatshini. , izixhobo ze-elektroniki, i-aerospace, iimpahla zemidlalo kunye namanye amabala.
3. Ukucaca okuphezulu - inayiloni ecacileyo
Inayiloni eqhelekileyo idla ngokuba yinkangeleko eguquguqukayo, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya phakathi kwe-50% kunye ne-80%, kunye nokuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwenayiloni ekuhleni kudla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwama-90%.
Inayiloni ecacileyo inokuguqulwa ngeendlela zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali.Indlela yokwenyama kukongeza i-agent ye-nucleating kunye nokunciphisa ubungakanani bayo beenkozo kuluhlu lwe-wavelength ebonakalayo ukufumana i-nylon ecacileyo ye-microcrystalline.Indlela yemichiza kukwazisa i-monomer equlathe iqela elisecaleni okanye isakhiwo seringi, ukutshabalalisa rhoqo ikhonkco lemolekyuli, kwaye ufumane i-amorphous nayiloni ecacileyo.
Inayiloni ecacileyo ingasetyenziselwa isiselo kunye nopakisho lokutya, kodwa inokuvelisa izixhobo zamehlo kunye namalungu ekhompyuter, imveliso yoshishino yokubeka iliso kwiWindows, ifestile yesixhobo seX-ray, izixhobo zokulinganisa, ukugcinwa komphuhlisi we-electrostatic copier, isigqubuthelo sezibane ezikhethekileyo, izitya kunye nezikhongozeli zokutya. .
4. Uzinzo - Bio-esekelweIzinto zeNayiloni
Okwangoku, uninzi lweemonomers zokwenziwa zohlobo lwenayiloni zisuka kwindlela yokusulungekisa i-petroleum, kwaye i-monomer yokwenziwa kwezinto ezisekelwe kwi-bio-based inayiloni isuka kwindlela yokutsalwa kwezinto eziphilayo, njenge-Arkema ngokusebenzisa indlela yokutsalwa kweoli ye-castor ukufumana i-amino undecanoic. iasidi kunye nenayiloni yokwenziwa 11.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-nylon ye-oyile yendabuko, i-nylon yezinto ezisekelwe kwi-bio ayinayo kuphela i-carbon ephantsi kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo, kodwa inokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwesisombululo, njenge-Shandong Kaisai bio-based PA5X series, i-Arkema. Uthotho lweRilsan kumacandelo eemoto, izixhobo zombane kunye neshishini loshicilelo lwe-3D kunye neminye imiba isetyenziswe ngempumelelo.
5.Ukunwebeka okuphezulu -- elastomer enayiloni
Inayiloni elastomeribhekisa kwiindidi zenayiloni ezinokuqina okuphezulu, ubunzima obulula kunye nezinye iimpawu, kodwa kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ukubunjwa kwetsheyina lemolekyuli ye-nayiloni elastomer ayizizo zonke iisegmenti ze-polyamide zekhonkco, kunye ne-polyether okanye i-polyester chain segment, ezona ntlobo zentengiso zixhaphakileyo yi-polyether block amide. (PEBA).
Iimpawu zokusebenza ze-PEBA zinamandla aphezulu okunyuka, ukubuyiswa okulungileyo kwe-elastiki, amandla aphantsi obushushu obuphantsi, ukuxhathisa ubushushu obuphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antistatic, njl., esetyenziswa kwizihlangu zokunyuka intaba, iibhutsi zokutyibilika, izixhobo zokuthulisa kunye neekhathetha zonyango.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-27-2023